Wall

=Walls = A wall is a solid and vertical structure that defines and protects a space. In the construction, walls are used as elements to delimit and divide spaces. These can be built with many materials. However, in these days the most commonly used materials are brick and drywall, wood being less frequent and their derivatives. There are places in which, by their low level of development, cultural and economic, techniques are still used as stone walls, adobe or mud. In other places, with mild climates, the walls can take a Lighter look and conform for different types of plants, like bamboo. The walls are usually finished surface treatments. The brick walls are lined with cement mortar, lime or gypsum, which is then painted. The dry walls only need painting, while the wood is usually protected with varnishes or wood stains. They are classified into external and internal walls Exterior walls are vertical elements that enclose a building, can be of different materials, according to the construction system used. The walls play a roll like wrap and delimit spaces, protection of the external environment and in some cases walls have a structural function. These walls must provide sealing against water. In terms of its structure can be load-bearing walls in this case are solid and should be made of heavy materials such as masonry, concrete walls, stone. Or they may be non-bearing walls, in which case only serves the function of closing, and there is a structure of columns and beams, charged with leading the efforts of the longer walls.  Types of walls: **Retaining walls**: used to stop masses of soil or other loose materials when conditions do not allow these bodies to assume their natural slopes. These conditions occur when the width of an excavation, cut or fill is restricted by conditions of ownership, utilization of the structure or economy. The main types of retaining walls are: **Shotcrete wall**: After making the slope, dig into the ground deep-tensioned cables in a mesh surface metal is placed on the ground and the cables are secured with anchors. They are placed in the lowest part of the land drainage pipes, drain the soil moisture. Finally, pressure hoses, concrete projects on the ground. This is perhaps the most efficient types of retaining walls Cantilever wall: Instead of anchors, the wall is stabilized with a shoe, which should be the same length as the height of the wall. There should not be greater than 6 meters <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">. It is made with reinforced concrete. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Gabion Wall**: The walls are basically metal baskets filled with stones. These walls should not exceed 3 <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">meters <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Wall trodden earth:** The earth must be compacted in layers of small thickness, to give greater strength to the soil in each layer are placed pieces that work very similar to the shoes, these pieces are prefabricated and must fit one with another. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Bearing wall or load-bearing wall**: These are walls that have a structural function, must withstand loads. For this type of wall should be used resistant to compression and tension materials, is used reinforced concrete. The construction system for these walls is called "tunnel system," are repetitive formwork in the form of boxes, this method is widely used because it is faster, and easier to build. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">  <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Dividing wall:** The role of this wall is to isolate or separate, must have acoustic, thermal, waterproof characteristics, depending on its use. Has less mass than the bearing walls. There are several types of dividing wall, for its use, and / or materials. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Dry construction system (Drywall),** <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">It is a combination of different materials, galvanized steel profiles forming a structure on which are installed drywall in the case of interior and fiber cement exterior, plus screws, fasteners of metal profiles and fixing of the blades, finally finishing materials for internal seals for joints such as pasta (chew) and reinforcement of paper tape or fiberglass is used in construction, mainly as an alternative to traditional building systems composed of brick and mass to run partitions, cameras or false ceilings. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The main advantages of the Construction System Dry Drywall, are its speed of execution, great versatility, less weight on existing structures, cleaning and lower cost than traditional systems, while offering better levels of comfort and ease when make repairs or changes to both false walls and ceilings. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Curtain wall** <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A curtain wall is defined as thin, usually aluminum-framed wall, containing in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building. The wind and gravity loads of the curtain wall are transferred to the building structure, typically at the floor line. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">As all external enclosures, curtain walls must meet the general conditions that the current regulations indicate for these enclosures. Therefore must ensure the sealing, the thermal and acoustic insulation. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">If it is necessary, should be easily replaceable one by one the elements of this system.

Benefits: Fire protection Transparency / tranlucency Acoustic Protection Property Protection Resistance <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Wood walls** <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Walls are composed of a supporting structure lined with wood on both sides. The supporting structure can be wood or metal. These walls can be inside or outside, depending on the construction system used. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">There are several building systems for wooden walls, modular wooden walls, and the balloon frame. <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">· <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Modular wooden walls:** this construction system consists of a supporting structure (wood or metal), with wood paneling on both sides and a maximum thickness of 80mm. Can be used as interior partitions. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">· **Balloon frame:** this is the most widely used technique in the <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">United States  <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">. Traditionally it was used for all types of buildings not exceeding two floors. One characteristic is that it does not distinguish a hierarchy between the components, unlike other forms of construction where each element has a function, position and dimensions specified.


 * Green Wall**

<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Vertical Garden, know as Le Mur Végétal in French, was conceived after many observations in natural environments. The vertical garden relies on a new way to grow plants without any soil. The vertical Garden can be implemented outdoor or indoor, in any climatic environment. The plant species selection is mainly set according to the prevailing climatic conditions. For indoor location an artificial lighting is usually required watering and fertilization are automated. The vertical garden acts as a photonic and thermic isolation system. It is also an air purification device.